Spatially explicit knowledge of all these parameters is crucial for understanding and modelling a wide variety of Earth system processes and interactions with the environment, including hydrological budgets 1 carbon or methane exchange rates 2 sediment trapping 3 heat fluxes and coupled weather and climate effects 4 dissolved silica retention 5 the cycling of pollutants and nutrients 6 as well as associated ecological processes such as lake productivity 7 species richness 8 food chain dynamics 9 and inland fishery yields 10. In addition, the rate of water flowing into and out of lakes depends on their location within the river network, which then defines their hydraulic residence (or turnover) time, that is, the average time that water spends in a lake. ![]() Read about the WaterNet Advisor.The role of lakes in the global hydrological and biogeochemical cycles is intimately tied to their geometric characteristics of surface area, depth, stored water volume and shoreline length. © DHI Curious to learn more?įind out how you radically change the way you manage your daily water network operations. Water age simulation results where pipes with excessive water age are shown in red. Google Map image of a neighbourhood with dead-end pipe loops. Below it is a computer simulation where the hydraulic and water quality conditions were analysed during one week and maximum water is statistically processed and displayed. There are two illustrations shown below, the first one is showing a layout of a physical system with cul-de-sacs, that is, a dead-end pipe loop where there is a risk of high water age when residents are not present, for example, during vacations. The water age simulation results are statistically processed by the software, and layers with nodes and pipes colour-coded by the water age are presented in a practical and understandable manner. ![]() An easy way to model water ageĪ new web application in the market allows for water age modelling through predefined scenarios that are easy for maintenance and operation personnel to choose from. These ‘what if’ modelling scenarios allow maintenance and engineering personnel to evaluate consequences of shutdown on water quality and determine the most effective ways to reduce water age, without subjecting customers to methods that don’t work. Models can calculate water age for any operating condition, such as using various pump controls, installing new pipes, and closing valves. Hydraulic modelling is the most straightforward way to determine water age conditions within the water supply area, including locations with high water age during standard operations as well as during maintenance. So how do we determine how ‘old’ the water is? Many water systems find it necessary to set up special programs to flush these dead-end mains periodically to maintain acceptable water quality (AWWA Opflow, June 2010). Water often becomes stagnant or degrades in dead-end mains, which are often found in cul-de-sacs. If treated water stays in a system a long time before it reaches consumers, disinfectant concentration may not be strong enough to control microorganisms that can cause health problems. ![]() Water age is a general indicator of water quality, with lower water age indicating better water quality. ![]() What happens if treated water doesn’t reach consumers quickly? The water age refers to the time it takes for water to travel from a water source to consumers and is influenced by water distribution system flow velocities and pipe lengths. Water age is an important performance indicator to many utilities because excessive age can cause problems with disinfection by-products (DBPs).
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